Port	Protocol	Network Service	System Service	System Service Logical Name
7	TCP	Echo	Simple TCP/IP Services	SimpTcp
7	UDP	Echo	Simple TCP/IP Services	SimpTcp
9	TCP	Discard	Simple TCP/IP Services	SimpTcp
9	UDP	Discard	Simple TCP/IP Services	SimpTcp
13	TCP	Daytime	Simple TCP/IP Services	SimpTcp
13	UDP	Daytime	Simple TCP/IP Services	SimpTcp
17	TCP	Quotd	Simple TCP/IP Services	SimpTcp
17	UDP	Quotd	Simple TCP/IP Services	SimpTcp
19	TCP	Chargen	Simple TCP/IP Services	SimpTcp
19	UDP	Chargen	Simple TCP/IP Services	SimpTcp
20	TCP	FTP default data	FTP Publishing Service	MSFtpsvc
21	TCP	FTP control	FTP Publishing Service	MSFtpsvc
21	TCP	FTP control	Application Layer Gateway Service	ALG
23	TCP	Telnet	Telnet	TlntSvr
25	TCP	SMTP	Simple Mail Transport Protocol	SMTPSVC
25	UDP	SMTP	Simple Mail Transport Protocol	SMTPSVC
25	TCP	SMTP	Exchange Server
25	UDP	SMTP	Exchange Server
42	TCP	WINS Replication	Windows Internet Name Service	WINS
42	UDP	WINS Replication	Windows Internet Name Service	WINS
53	TCP	DNS	DNS Server	DNS
53	UDP	DNS	DNS Server	DNS
53	TCP	DNS	Internet Connection Firewall/Internet Connection Sharing	SharedAccess
53	UDP	DNS	Internet Connection Firewall/Internet Connection Sharing	SharedAccess
67	UDP	DHCP Server	DHCP Server	DHCPServer
67	UDP	DHCP Server	Internet Connection Firewall/Internet Connection Sharing	SharedAccess
69	UDP	TFTP	Trivial FTP Daemon Service	tftpd
80	TCP	HTTP	Windows Media Services	WMServer
80	TCP	HTTP	World Wide Web Publishing Service	W3SVC
80	TCP	HTTP	SharePoint Portal Server
88	TCP	Kerberos	Kerberos Key Distribution Center	Kdc
88	UDP	Kerberos	Kerberos Key Distribution Center	Kdc
102	TCP	X.400	Microsoft Exchange MTA Stacks
110	TCP	POP3	Microsoft POP3 Service	POP3SVC
110	TCP	POP3	Exchange Server
119	TCP	NNTP	Network News Transfer Protocol	NntpSvc
123	UDP	NTP	Windows Time	W32Time
123	UDP	SNTP	Windows Time	W32Time
135	TCP	RPC	Message Queuing	msmq
135	TCP	RPC	Remote Procedure Call	RpcSs
135	TCP	RPC	Exchange Server
135	TCP	RPC	Certificate Services	CertSvc
135	TCP	RPC	Cluster Service	ClusSvc
135	TCP	RPC	Distributed File System	DFS
135	TCP	RPC	Distributed Link Tracking	TrkSvr
135	TCP	RPC	Distributed Transaction Coordinator	MSDTC
135	TCP	RPC	Event Log	Eventlog
135	TCP	RPC	Fax Service	Fax
135	TCP	RPC	File Replication	NtFrs
135	TCP	RPC	Local Security Authority	LSASS
135	TCP	RPC	Remote Storage Notification	Remote_Storage_User_Link
135	TCP	RPC	Remote Storage Server	Remote_Storage_Server
135	TCP	RPC	Systems Management Server 2.0
135	TCP	RPC	Terminal Services Licensing	TermServLicensing
135	TCP	RPC	Terminal Services Session Directory	Tssdis
137	UDP	NetBIOS Name Resolution	Computer Browser	Browser
137	UDP	NetBIOS Name Resolution	Server	lanmanserver
137	UDP	NetBIOS Name Resolution	Windows Internet Name Service	WINS
137	UDP	NetBIOS Name Resolution	Net Logon	Netlogon
137	UDP	NetBIOS Name Resolution	Systems Management Server 2.0
138	UDP	NetBIOS Datagram Service	Computer Browser	Browser
138	UDP	NetBIOS Datagram Service	Messenger	Messenger
138	UDP	NetBIOS Datagram Service	Server	lanmanserver
138	UDP	NetBIOS Datagram Service	Net Logon	Netlogon
138	UDP	NetBIOS Datagram Service	Distributed File System	Dfs
138	UDP	NetBIOS Datagram Service	Systems Management Server 2.0
138	UDP	NetBIOS Datagram Service	License Logging Service	LicenseService
139	TCP	NetBIOS Session Service	Computer Browser	Browser
139	TCP	NetBIOS Session Service	Fax Service	Fax
139	TCP	NetBIOS Session Service	Performance Logs and Alerts	SysmonLog
139	TCP	NetBIOS Session Service	Print Spooler	Spooler
139	TCP	NetBIOS Session Service	Server	lanmanserver
139	TCP	NetBIOS Session Service	Net Logon	Netlogon
139	TCP	NetBIOS Session Service	Remote Procedure Call Locator	RpcLocator
139	TCP	NetBIOS Session Service	Distributed File System	Dfs
139	TCP	NetBIOS Session Service	Systems Management Server 2.0
139	TCP	NetBIOS Session Service	License Logging Service	LicenseService
143	TCP	IMAP	Exchange Server
161	UDP	SNMP	SNMP Service	SNMP
162	UDP	SNMP Traps Outbound	SNMP Trap Service	SNMPTRAP
270	TCP	MOM 2004	Microsoft Operations Manager 2004	MOM
389	TCP	LDAP Server	Local Security Authority	LSASS
389	UDP	LDAP Server	Local Security Authority	LSASS
389	TCP	LDAP Server	Distributed File System	Dfs
389	UDP	LDAP Server	Distributed File System	Dfs
443	TCP	HTTPS	HTTP SSL	HTTPFilter
443	TCP	HTTPS	World Wide Web Publishing Service	W3SVC
443	TCP	HTTPS	SharePoint Portal Server
445	TCP	SMB	Fax Service	Fax
445	TCP	SMB	License Logging Service	LicenseService
445	TCP	SMB	Print Spooler	Spooler
445	TCP	SMB	Server	lanmanserver
445	TCP	SMB	Remote Procedure Call Locator	RpcLocator
445	TCP	SMB	Distributed File System	Dfs
445	TCP	SMB	Net Logon	Dfs
500	UDP	IPSec ISAKMP	Local Security Authority	LSASS
515	TCP	LPD	TCP/IP Print Server	LPDSVC
548	TCP	File Server for Macintosh	File Server for Macintosh	MacFile
554	TCP	RTSP	Windows Media Services	WMServer
563	TCP	NNTP over SSL	Network News Transfer Protocol	NntpSvc
593	TCP	RPC over HTTP	Remote Procedure Call	RpcSs
593	TCP	RPC over HTTP	Exchange Server
636	TCP	LDAP SSL	Local Security Authority	LSASS
636	UDP	LDAP SSL	Local Security Authority	LSASS
993	TCP	IMAP over SSL	Exchange Server
995	TCP	POP3 over SSL	Exchange Server
1270	TCP	MOM-Encrypted	Microsoft Operations Manager 2000	one point
1433	TCP	SQL over TCP	Microsoft SQL Server	SQLSERVR
1433	TCP	SQL over TCP	MSSQL$UDDI	SQLSERVR
1434	UDP	SQL Probe	Microsoft SQL Server	SQLSERVR
1434	UDP	SQL Probe	MSSQL$UDDI	SQLSERVR
1645	UDP	Legacy RADIUS	Internet Authentication Service	IAS
1646	UDP	Legacy RADIUS	Internet Authentication Service	IAS
1701	UDP	L2TP	Routing and Remote Access	RemoteAccess
1723	TCP	PPTP	Routing and Remote Access	RemoteAccess
1755	TCP	MMS	Windows Media Services	WMServer
1755	UDP	MMS	Windows Media Services	WMServer
1801	TCP	MSMQ	Message Queuing	msmq
1801	UDP	MSMQ	Message Queuing	msmq
1812	UDP	RADIUS Authentication	Internet Authentication Service	IAS
1813	UDP	RADIUS Accounting	Internet Authentication Service	IAS
1900	UDP	SSDP	SSDP Discovery Service	SSDPRSRV
2101	TCP	MSMQ-DCs	Message Queuing	msmq
2103	TCP	MSMQ-RPC	Message Queuing	msmq
2105	TCP	MSMQ-RPC	Message Queuing	msmq
2107	TCP	MSMQ-Mgmt	Message Queuing	msmq
2393	TCP	OLAP Services 7.0	SQL Server: Downlevel OLAP Client Support
2394	TCP	OLAP Services 7.0	SQL Server: Downlevel OLAP Client Support
2460	UDP	MS Theater	Windows Media Services	WMServer
2535	UDP	MADCAP	DHCP Server	DHCPServer
2701	TCP	SMS Remote Control (control)	SMS Remote Control Agent
2701	UDP	SMS Remote Control (control)	SMS Remote Control Agent
2702	TCP	SMS Remote Control (data)	SMS Remote Control Agent
2702	UDP	SMS Remote Control (data)	SMS Remote Control Agent
2703	TCP	SMS Remote Chat	SMS Remote Control Agent
2703	UDP	SMS Remote Chat	SMS Remote Control Agent
2704	TCP	SMS Remote File Transfer	SMS Remote Control Agent
2704	UDP	SMS Remote File Transfer	SMS Remote Control Agent
2725	TCP	SQL Analysis Services	SQL 2000 Analysis Server
2869	TCP	UPNP	Universal Plug and Play Device Host	UPNPHost
2869	TCP	SSDP event notification	SSDP Discovery Service	SSDPRSRV
3268	TCP	Global Catalog Server	Local Security Authority	LSASS
3269	TCP	Global Catalog Server	Local Security Authority	LSASS
3343	UDP	Cluster Services	Cluster Service	ClusSvc
3389	TCP	Terminal Services	NetMeeting Remote Desktop Sharing	mnmsrvc
3389	TCP	Terminal Services	Terminal Services	TermService
3527	UDP	MSMQ-Ping	Message Queuing	msmq
4011	UDP	BINL	Remote Installation	BINLSVC
4500	UDP	NAT-T	Local Security Authority	LSASS
5000	TCP	SSDP legacy event notification	SSDP Discovery Service	SSDPRSRV
5004	UDP	RTP	Windows Media Services	WMServer
5005	UDP	RTCP	Windows Media Services	WMServer
42424	TCP	ASP.Net Session State	ASP.NET State Service	aspnet_state
51515	TCP	MOM-Clear	Microsoft Operations Manager 2000	one point

Managing MYSL on Linux

Important MYSQL commands

Field Types in SQL

INTEGER - A whole number
VARCHAR(10) - Up to 10 characters.
CHAR(10) - Fixed number of characters
DATE - A date
DATETIME - Date and time
FLOAT - Floating point numbers


Field Types specific to MySQL

TEXT - Allows up to 65535 characters
DECIMAL(10,2) - Up to 10 digits before the point, 2 after.

mysqld - MySQL server daemon

safe_mysqld - Server process monitor

mysqlaccess - Tool for creating MySQL users

mysqladmin - Utility for administering MySQL

mysqldump - Tool for dumping the contents of a MySQL database. Useful for backing up a database from within the console.

mysql - Command line interface to MySQL

mysqlshow - List all MySQL database

Field Types specific to MySQL
TEXT - Allows up to 65535 characters
DECIMAL(10,2) - Up to 10 digits before the point, 2 after.
TO create the Database

$ mysqladmin --user=ravi --password=xxx create database addressdb

To use the Database
$ mysql --user=ravi --password=xxx
mysql> USE addressdb,

To create Table
mysql> CREATE TABLE p_addr (i INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,address TEXT,email VARCHAR(30),pincode DECIMAL(10),phone DECIMAL(15),website TEXT);
To add a column "india" to the table
mysql> ALTER TABLE p_addr ADD india VARCHAR(30);

To insert value in Table
mysql> INSERT INTO p_addr VALUES (1,"My, present, address","prakash@xyz.com",681024,2122536, "http://gadbu.blogspot.com","Prakash");

To List the contents of the Table
mysql> SELECT * FROM p_addr;

To delete a row from Table
mysql> DELETE FROM p_addr WHERE i=1;

To Rename a column in the table from "address" to "home_address"
mysql> ALTER TABLE p_addr CHANGE address home_address INTEGER;
Note: You cannot use this method to rename a column which is a primary key.

Change an existing record in the table

 mysql> UPDATE p_addr SET name="Sumitra" WHERE i=2;

Delete the table from the database
mysql> DROP TABLE p_addr;

List the databases
$ mysqlshow --user=ravi --password=xxx

List the tables in the database "addressdb"
$ mysqlshow --user=ravi --password=xxx addressdb

TCP DUMP TIPS

• tcpdump -w trace.cap -p -n -s 0 "udp”

  1.  -p : doesn’t start in promiscuous mode, only frames from or to the Asterisk node will be captured,-n : no name resolution, otherwise we will have a lot of DNS queries which is not useful at that stage, we could do name resolution afterwards if needed, 
  2. -s 0 : we get the full frame, not only the first bytes. When working only at the protocol level it is enough to get only the start of each frames, in our case we are requiring the content of the SIP and RTP frames. 0 means getting the whole frame,
  3. -w output file : all the captured frames will be stored in the file. That way we will be able, afterwards, to analyze the frames from the file. If using ‘-’ as the name of the file, the output is send to the standard output, we will use this afterwards.
•  
• tcpdump not port 22 (to exclude port 22)
• tcpdump not port 143 and not port 25 and not port 22
• tcpdump port 143
• tcpdump host hal9000 (to get data from a specific host on the network)
• tcpdump -i eth1
• tcpdump udp (to specify a protocol )
• tcpdump -l | tee tcpdump_`date +%Y%m%e-%k.%M` (to Save Output for Later)

To dump its output into a binary format which it can read later.
To create a binary file

• tcpdump -w tcpdump_raw_`date +%Y%m%e-%k.%M` ( To create a binary file)
• tcpdump -r tcpdump_raw_YYYMMDD-H.M (To read the created file)

• all packets arriving at or departing from 192.168.0.2
• # tcpdump -n host 192.168.0.2
• To print traffic between 192.168.0.2 and either 10.0.0.4 or 10.0.0.5:
• # tcpdump -n host 192.168.0.2 and \( 10.0.0.4 or 10.0.0.5 \)
• To print all IP packets between 192.168.0.2 and any host except 10.0.0.5:
• # tcpdump ip -n host 192.168.0.2 and not 10.0.0.5

• To print all ftp traffic through internet gateway xx:
• # tcpdump 'gateway xx and (port ftp or ftp-data)'
• To print traffic neither sourced from nor destined for local hosts (if you gateway to one other net, this stuff should never make it onto your local net).
• # tcpdump ip and not net localnet
• To print the start and end packets (the SYN and FIN packets) of each TCP conversation that involves a non-local host.
• # tcpdump 'tcp[13] & 3 != 0 and not src and dst net localnet'
• To print IP packets longer than 576 bytes sent through gateway xx:
• # tcpdump 'gateway xx and ip[2:2] > 576'
• To print IP broadcast or multicast packets that were not sent via ethernet broadcast or multicast:
• # tcpdump 'ether[0] & 1 = 0 and ip[16] >= 224'
• To print all ICMP packets that are not echo requests/replies (i.e., not ping packets):
• # tcpdump 'icmp[0] != 8 and icmp[0] != 0"

To Solve Kernel Panic Error

• Go to the rescue mode and follow the instructions.
• now type this command
  

· e 2fsck -pvy /dev/hda1 ( or hdb whatever is urs, if its not happening then try with only y option)

sd It will fix the problem automatically

• Now remove the disc n restart the system
  

Hard Disk Cloning in Linux

dd command does not copy files only it copies blocks also.

To make a clone of a hard disk /dev/sda on an empty hard disk /dev/sdb type the following command

dd if=/dev/sda of=/dev/sdb

Note:-

• here if specifies input file and of specifies output file.
• Wait untill the command is finished.
• Finally you will have an exact copy of the hard disk.
  

command to replace a word from a file.

Command to replace a particular string (as many times in a file) from a particular file

ls /full/path/offile | xargs perl -pi -e 's/word to search/wordto replace with/g'

Change Speed & Duplex settings of LAN card

To check the Speed & Duplex settings of your lan card use the command

• mii-tool or mii-tool eth0
• ethtool eth0

Now to change the Speed & the Duplex settings

• ethtool -s eth0 speed 100 duplex full
• ethtool -s eth0 speed 10 duplex half
• mii-tool -F 100baseTx-FD (to force a particular speed and duplex settings)

OR

• Go to this file /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 & then and put this entry in the file
  
• ETHTOOL_OPTS="speed 100 duplex full autoneg off"

Once it is done do this

service network restart

Internet Sharing in Linux using IPTABLES

Enable IP forwarding

sysctl -w net.ipv4.ip_forward=1

To enable it in system startup, edit the file /etc/sysctl.conf and set

net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1

iptables

iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o eth0 -j MASQUERADE

service iptables save

Network Configuration

The configuration should be like this

Router:-Connected to the internet provider
IP : 192.168.1.1

Internet Connected System

eth0 (LAN Card 1):-Connected to router

• IP : 192.168.1.10
• Netmask : 255.255.255.0
• Gateway : 192.168.1.1 (IP of the router)

eth1 (LAN Card 2):-Connected to the other system

• IP : 192.168.0.20 (Not the same network as the first card)
• Netmask : 255.255.255.0
• Gateway : 192.168.1.1 (IP of the router)

Second System

LAN Card connected to the first system

• IP : 192.168.0.30
• Netmask : 255.255.255.0
• Gateway : 192.168.0.20 (IP of the second Card in the first system)

SIP EVENTS

SIP event	Decimal Cause number (DSS1)	Hex.Cause number (DSS1)	Cause
400 Bad request	127	7f	Interworking, unspecified
401 Unauthorized	57	39	Bearer capability not authorized
402 Payment required	21	15	Call rejected
403 Forbidden	57	39	Bearer capability not authorized
404 Not found	1	01	Unallocated (unassigned) number
405 Method not allowed	127	7f	Interworking, unspecified
406 Not acceptable	127	7f	Interworking, unspecified
407 Proxy authent. required	21	15	Call rejected
408 Request timeout	102	66	Recover on Expires timeout
409 Conflict	41	29	Temporary failure
410 Gone	1	01	Unallocated (unassigned) number
411 Length required	127	7f	Interworking, unspecified
413 Request entity too long	127	7f	Interworking, unspecified
414 Request URI (URL) too long	127	7f	Interworking, unspecified
415 Unsupported media type	79	4f	Service or option not available
420 Bad extension	127	7f	Interworking, unspecified
480 Temporarily unavailable	18	12	No user response
481 Call leg does not exist	127	7f	Interworking, unspecified
482 Loop detected	127	7f	Interworking, unspecified
483 Too many hops	127	7f	Interworking, unspecified
484 Address incomplete	28	1c	Address incomplete (invalid number format)
485 Address ambiguous	1	01	Unallocated (unassigned) number
486 Busy here	17	11	User busy
487 Request cancelled	127	7f	Interworking, unspecified
488 Not acceptable here	127	7f	Interworking, unspecified
500 Internal server error	41	29	Temporary failure
501 Not implemented	79	4f	Service or option not implemented
502 Bad gateway	38	26	Network out of order
503 Service unavailable	63	3f	Service or option unavailable
504 Gateway timeout	102	66	Recover on Expires timeout
505 Version not implemented	127	7f	Interworking, unspecified
603 Decline	21	15	Call rejected
604 Does not exist anywhere	1	01	Unallocated (unassigned) number
606 Not acceptable	58	3a	Bearer capability not presently available

ISDN CAUSE CODES

Detailed ISDN Cause Codes

Cause No. l - Unallocated (unassigned) number [Q.850]
This cause indicates that the called party cannot be reached recluses although the called party number is in a valid format. It is not currently allocated (assigned).

Cause No. 2 - No route to specified transit network (national use) [Q.850]
This cause indicates that the equipment sending this cause has received a request to route the call through a particular transit network which it does not recognize. The equipment sending this cause does not recognize the transit network either because the transit network does not exist or because that particular transit network. While it does exist. does not serve the equipment which is sending this cause.

Cause No. 3 - No route to destination [Q.850]
This cause indicates that the called party cannot be reached because the network through which the call has been routed does not serve the destination desired. This cause is supported on a network dependent basis.

Cause No. 4 - send special information tone [Q.850]
This cause indicates that the called party cannot be reached for reasons that are of a long term nature and that the special information tone should be returned to the calling party.

Cause No. 5 - misdialed trunk prefix (national use) [Q.850]
This cause indicates the erroneous inclusion of a trunk prefix in the called party number. This number is to sniped from the dialed number being sent to the network by the customer premises equipment.

Cause No. 6 - channel unacceptable [Q.850]
This cause indicates that the channel most recently identified is not acceptable to the sending entity for use in this call.

Cause No. 7 - call awarded. being delivered in an established channel [Q.850]
This cause indicates that the user has been awarded the incoming call and that the incoming call is being connected to a channel already established to that user for similar calls (e.g. packet-mode x.25 virtual calls).

Cause No. 8 - preemption [Q.850]
This cause indicates the call is being preempted.

Cause No. 9 - preemption - circuit reserved for reuse [Q.850]
This cause indicates that the call is being preempted and the circuit is reserved for reuse by the preempting exchange.

Cause No. 10 - normal call clearing [Q.850]
This cause indicates that the call is being cleared because one of the users involved in the call has requested that the call be cleared. Under normal situations, the source of this cause is not the network.

Cause No. 17 - user busy [Q.850]
This cause is used to indicate that the called party is unable to accept another call because the user busy condition has been encountered. This cause value may be generated by the called user or by the network. In the case of user determined user busy it is noted that the user equipment is compatible with the call.

Cause No. 18 - no user responding [Q.850]
This cause is used when a called party does not respond to a call establishment message with either an alerting or connect indication within the prescribed period of time allocated.

Cause No. 19 - no answer from user (user alerted) [Q.850]
This cause is used when the called party has been alerted but does not respond with a connect indication within a prescribed period of time. Note - This cause is not necessarily generated by Q.931 procedures but may be generated by internal network timers.

Cause No. 20 - subscriber absent [Q.850]
This cause value is used when a mobile station has logged off. radio contact is not obtained with a mobile station or if a personal telecommunication user is temporarily not addressable at any user-network interface.

Cause No. 21 - call rejected [Q.850]
This cause indicates that the equipment sending this cause does not wish to accept this call. although it could have accepted the call because the equipment sending this cause is neither busy nor incompatible. This cause may also be generated by the network, indicating that the call was cleared due to a supplementary service constraint. The diagnostic field may contain additional information about the supplementary service and reason for rejection.

Cause No. 22 - number changed [Q.850]
This cause is returned to a calling party when the called party number indicated by the calling party is no longer assigned. The new called party number may optionally be included in the diagnostic field. If a network does not support this cause, cause no. 1, unallocated (unassigned) number shall be used.

Cause No. 26 - non-selected user clearing [Q.850]
This cause indicates that the user has not been awarded the incoming call.

Cause No. 27 - destination out of order [Q.850]
This cause indicates that the destination indicated by the user cannot be reached because the interface to the destination is not functioning correctly. The term "not functioning correctly" indicates that a signal message was unable to be delivered to the remote party; e.g., a physical layer or data link layer failure at the remote party or user equipment off-line.

Cause No. 28 - invalid number format (address incomplete) [Q.850]
This cause indicates that the called party cannot be reached because the called party number is not in a valid format or is not complete.

Cause No. 29 - facilities rejected [Q.850]
This cause is returned when a supplementary service requested by the user cannot be provide by the network.

Cause No. 30 - response to STATUS INQUIRY [Q.850]
This cause is included in the STATUS message when the reason for generating the STATUS message was the prior receipt of a STATUS INQUIRY.

Cause No. 31 - normal. unspecified [Q.850]
This cause is used to report a normal event only when no other cause in the normal class applies.

Cause No. 34 - no circuit/channel available [Q.850]
This cause indicates that there is no appropriate circuit/channel presently available to handle the call.

Cause No. 35 - Call Queued [Q.850]

Cause No. 38 - network out of order [Q.850]
This cause indicates that the network is not functioning correctly and that the condition is likely to last a relatively long period of time e.g., immediately re-attempting the call is not likely to be successful.

Cause No. 39 - permanent frame mode connection out-of-service [Q.850]
This cause is included in a STATUS message to indicate that a permanently established frame mode connection is out-of-service (e.g. due to equipment or section failure) (see Annex A/Q.933)

Cause No. 40 - permanent frame mode connection operational [Q.850]
This cause is included in a STATUS message to indicate that a permanently established frame mode connection is operational and capable of carrying user information.

Cause No. 41 - temporary failure [Q.850]
This cause indicates that the network is not functioning correctly and that the condition is no likely to last a long period of time; e.g., the user may wish to try another call attempt almost immediately.

Cause No. 42 - switching equipment congestion [Q.850]
This cause indicates that the switching equipment generating this cause is experiencing a period of high traffic.

Cause No. 43 - access information discarded [Q.850]
This cause indicates that the network could not deliver access information to the remote user as requested. i.e., user-to-user information, low layer compatibility, high layer compatibility or sub-address as indicated in the diagnostic. It is noted that the particular type of access information discarded is optionally included in the diagnostic.

Cause No. 44 - requested circuit/channel not available [Q.850]
This cause is returned when the circuit or channel indicated by the requesting entity cannot be provided by the other side of the interface.

Cause No. 46 - precedence call blocked [Q.850]
This cause indicates that there are no predictable circuits or that the called user is busy with a call of equal or higher preventable level.

Cause No. 47 - resource unavailable, unspecified [Q.850]
This cause is used to report a resource unavailable event only when no other cause in the resource unavailable class applies.

Cause No. 49 - Quality of Service not available [Q.850]
This cause is used to report that the requested Quality of Service. as defined in Recommendation X.213. cannot be provided (e.g., throughput of transit delay cannot be supported).

Cause No. 50 - requested facility not subscribed [Q.850]

This cause indicates that the user has requested a supplementary service which is implemented by the equipment which generated this cause but the user is not authorized to use.

Cause No. 52 - outgoing calls barred

Cause No. 53 - outgoing calls barred within CUG [Q.850]
This cause indicates that although the calling party is a member of the CUG for the outgoing CUG call. Outgoing calls are not allowed for this member of the CUG.

Cause No. 54 - incoming calls barred

Cause No. 55 - incoming calls barred within CUG [Q.850]
This cause indicates that although the calling party is a member of the CUG for the incoming CUG call. Incoming calls are not allowed for this member of the CUG.

Cause No. 57 - bearer capability not authorized [Q.850]
This cause indicates that the user has requested a bearer capability which is implemented by the equipment which generated this cause but the user is not authorized to use.

Cause No. 58 - bearer capability not presently available [Q.850]
This cause indicates that the user has requested a bearer capability which is implemented by the equipment which generated this cause but which is not available at this time.

Cause No. 62 - inconsistency in outgoing information element. [Q.850]
This cause indicates an inconsistency in the designated outgoing access information and subscriber class

Cause No. 63 - service or option not available. unspecified [Q.850]
This cause is used to report a service or option not available event only when no other cause in the service or option not available class applies.

Cause No. 65 - bearer capability not implemented [Q.850]
This cause indicates that the equipment sending this cause does not support the bearer capability requested.

Cause No. 66 - channel type not implemented [Q.850]
This cause indicates that the equipment sending this cause does not support the channel type requested

Cause No. 69 - requested facility not implemented [Q.850]
This cause indicates that the equipment sending this cause does not support the requested supplementary services.

Cause No. 70 - only restricted digital information bearer capability is available (national use) [Q.850]
This cause indicates that the calling party has requested an unrestricted bearer service but the equipment sending this cause only supports the restricted version of the requested bearer capability.

Cause No. 79 - service or option not implemented unspecified [Q.850]
This cause is used to report a service or option not implemented event only when no other cause in the service or option not implemented class applies.

Cause No. 81 - invalid call reference value [Q.850]
This cause indicates that the equipment sending this cause has received a message with a call reference which is not currently in use on the user-network interface.

Cause No. 82 - identified channel does not exist [Q.850]
This cause indicates that the equipment sending this cause has received a request to use a channel not activated on the interface for a call. For example. if a user has subscribed to those channels on a primary rate interface numbered from l to 12 and the user equipment or the network attempts to use channels l 3 through 23, this cause is generated.

Cause No. 83 - a suspended call exists, but this call identify does not [Q.850]
This cause indicates that a call resume has been attempted with a call identity which differs from that in use for any presently suspended call(s).

Cause No. 84 - call identity in use [Q.850]
This cause indicates that the network has received a call suspended request containing a call identity (including the null call identity) which is already in use for a suspended call within the domain of interfaces over which the call might be resumed.

Cause No. 85 - no call suspended [Q.850]
This cause indicates that the network has received a call resume request containing a Call identity information element which presently does not indicate any suspended call within the domain of interfaces over which calls may be resumed.

Cause No. 86 - call having the requested call identity has been cleared [Q.850]
This cause indicates that the network has received a call resume request containing a Call identity information element indicating a suspended call that has in the meantime been cleared while suspended (either by network time-out or by the remote user).

Cause No. 87 - user not a member of CUG [Q.850]
This cause indicates that the called user for the incoming CUG call is not a member of the specified CUG or that the calling user is an ordinary subscriber calling a CUG subscriber.

Cause No. 88 - incompatible destination [Q.850]
This cause indicates that the equipment sending this cause has received a request to establish a call which has low layer compatibility. high layer compatibility or other compatibility attributes (e.g., data rate) which cannot be accommodated.

Cause No. 90 - non-existent CUG [Q.850]
This cause indicates that the specified CUG does not exist.

Cause No. 91 - invalid transit network selection (national use) [Q.850]
This cause indicates that a transit network identification was received which is of an incorrect format as defined in Annex C/Q.931

Cause No. 95 - invalid message, unspecified [Q.850]
This cause is used to report an invalid message event only when no other cause in the invalid message class applies.

Cause No. 96 - mandatory information element is missing [Q.850]
This cause indicates that the equipment sending this cause has received a message which is missing an information element which must be present in the message before that message can be processed.

Cause No. 97 - message type non-existent or not implemented [Q.850]
This cause indicates that the equipment sending this cause has received a message with a message type it does not recognize either because this is a message not defined of defined but not implemented by the equipment sending this cause.

Cause No. 98 - message not compatible with call state or message type non-existent or not implemented. [Q.850]
This cause indicates that the equipment sending this cause has received a message such that the procedures do not indicate that this is a permissible message to receive while in the call state. or a STATUS message was received indicating an incompatible call state.

Cause No. 99 - Information element / parameter non-existent or not implemented [Q.850]
This cause indicates that the equipment sending this cause has received a message which includes information element(s)/parameter(s) not recognized because the information element(s)/parameter name(s) are not defined or are defined but not implemented by the equipment sending the cause. This cause indicates that the information element(s)/parameter(s) were discarded. However, the information element is not required to be present in the message in order for the equipment sending the cause to process the message.

Cause No. 100 - Invalid information element contents [Q.850]
This cause indicates that the equipment sending this cause has received and information element which it has implemented; however, one or more Gelds in the I.E. are coded in such a way which has not been implemented by the equipment sending this cause.

Cause No. 101 - message not compatible with call state [Q.850]
This cause indicates that a message has been received which is incompatible with the call state.

Cause No. 102 - recovery on timer expiry [Q.850]
This cause indicates that a procedure has been initiated by the expiration of a timer in association with error handling procedures.

Cause No. 103 - parameter non-existent or not implemented - passed on (national use) [Q.850]
This cause indicates that the equipment sending this cause has received a message which includes parameters not recognized because the parameters are not defined or are defined but not implemented by the equipment sending this cause. The cause indicates that the parameter(s) were ignored. In addition, if the equipment sending this cause is an intermediate point, then this cause indicates that the parameter(s) were passed unchanged.

Cause No. 110 - message with unrecognized parameter discarded [Q.850]
This cause indicates that the equipment sending this cause has discarded a received message which includes a parameter that is not recognized.

Cause No. 111 - protocol error, unspecified [Q.850]
This cause is used to report a protocol error event only when no other cause in the protocol error class applies.

Cause No. 127 - Intel-working, unspecified [Q.850]
This cause indicates that an interworking call (usually a call to 5W56 service) has ended.

Notes about Cause Codes over 128
Cause code values of 128 and higher aren't sent over the network. and aren't defined in Rec. [Q.850]. A terminal displaying a value 128 or higher and claiming it is a cause code arguably has a bug or is implementing some proprietary diagnostic code (not necessarily bad). Some commendation has cause codes listed with numbers higher than 128, but at this time they are proprietary in nature. The PRI equipment vendors are the most likely to use these codes as they have been using proprietary messages in the facilities data link for some time now (there is an as yet undefined area in the FDL which is big enough to carry small datagrams or messages). It is typically used to pass proprietary control or maintenance messages between multiplexers.

Multiple Yahoo Messanger Logins

Follow below tips to log into multiple yahoo messanger accounts at a time

1. Go to Start --> Run . Type regedit, then enter.

2. Go to HKEY_CURRENT_ USER --> Software -->yahoo -->pager-->Test

3. On the right page , right-click and choose new Dword value .

4. Rename it as Plural.

5. Double click and assign a decimal value of 1.
now close is and start yahoomessanger.

Disable USB storage devices (in windows XP and 2000)

Follow the instructions to Disable the access to USB port, in windows XP and 2000

1. Click Start, and then click Run.
2. In the Open box, type regedit, and then click OK.
3. Go to HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\UsbStor
4. In the right pane, double-click Start.
5. In the Value data box, type 4, click Hexadecimal (if it is not already selected), and then click OK.
6. Quit Registry Editor.

Recovering MYSQL's root's password in Linux

Follow the below steps to recover MYSQL's roots password in Linux

Type the following commands at linux prompt

1. Type /etc/init.d/mysql stop
2. /usr/bin/killall mysqld
3. mysqld --skip-grant-tables -u root &
4. mysql
5. mysql> use mysql;
6. mysql> UPDATE user
7. -> SET password=password("putyourpasswordhere")
8. -> WHERE user="root";
9. mysql> flush privileges;
10. mysql> exit
11. /etc/init.d/mysql start

Enable Hiiden Folder in Windows XP

Follow the below instructions to "Enable the Hidden Folder in Windows XP"

1. Go to Start ==> Run ==> type regedit and then press enter
2. HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\
Explorer\Advanced\Folder\Hidden\SHOWALL

Double click on CheckedValue being shown on the right hand side of the page.
Just change the value of 'Value Data' from 0 to 1 .

A virus must have altered it to 0.

Now u will be able to see the hideen files will show on enabling the folder options.

SECOND TRICK

1. Go to Start ==> Run ==> type gpedit.msc and then press enter
2. Then go to User Configuration ->Administrative Templates --> Windows Components --> Windows Explorer-> Removes the Folder Options menu item from the Tools menu.

Right click:-> Properties -> Disable ->Apply -> Again set it to not configured